Proper mucogingival therapy should lead to gingival augmentation and create a vestibule with adequate depth in the regions with insufficient attached gingival tissues 1, 14, 18, 20, 22. Gingival definition of gingival by medical dictionary. Gingival retraction or gingival recession is when there is lateral movement of the gingival margin away from the tooth surface. Gingival stippling article about gingival stippling by. Usually this stippling from the gingiva is lost in cases of.
Gingivitis is an infection that occurs when bacteria invade soft tissues around the tooth. Chan3 verifiable cpd paper condition of root surface presence of calculus, caries, contaminated cementum or restorations on root surface prominent fraenal attachments depth of vestibule. Gum health and disease can have an effect on general health. The gingiva often possess a textured surface that is referred to as being stippled engraved points. This study investigates and compares the efficacy of two different techniques to remove gingival clefts with respect to periodontal health and patient tolerance. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of gingival stippling in dogs, its location on the alveolar processes, and its association with age and signs of inflammation. Etiology of gingival recession plaqueinduced gingival inflammation is the primary etiological factor responsible for gingival recession. A relatively simple treatment approach combining periodontal and restorative. Pointed pyramidal gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium, mucogingival junctions, bleeding and exudate. Pdf comparison of two different gingivectomy techniques. A film of plaque adhering to the free gingival margin and adjacent area of the. Recently, charruel and colleagues investigated the gingival line angle gla asymmetry between the right and left sides from the frontal perspective only. When the gingiva is restored to health after treatment, the stippled appearance returns.
The fourth edition of the glossary of periodontal terms represents four years of intensive. Though scientific evidence is equivocal at this point,most of us would agree that its better to have at least 3 mm of keratinized tissue around implant restorations. Stippling only presents on the attached gingiva bound to. Indirect mechanisms host response combine with the direct mechanisms. The impact on the beauty of a smile from an uneven. Part of oral mucosa that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws and surrounds the necks of the teeth. Twostep surgical procedure for root coverage free gingival graft and coronally positioned flap christina popova, tsveta boyarova department of periodontology, faculty of dental medicine, medical university sofia, bulgaria journal of imab annual proceeding scientific papers 2007, vol. Prevalence of gingival stippling in children request pdf. Gingival hyperplasia is a bizarre condition causing esthetic, functional, psychological, and masticatory disturbances of the oral cavity. Hereditary gingival fibromatosis is a rare benign oral condition characterised by slow and progressive enlargement of both maxillary and mandibular attached gingiva. Gingival sulcus depth singlecord technique is preferred if the gingival sulcus is shallow.
Gingival bleeding avoid the use of epinephrine when gingiva is lacerated. Gingival description dentistry 104 with clossen at. Study 36 gingival description flashcards from brieona b. Graduation of shading by numerous separate touches.
It is usually termed gingival retraction as an intentional procedure, and in such cases it is performed by mechanical, chemical, or electrical means in order to perform certain dental surgery procedures. The second part is the attached gingiva which is stippled, firm, and strongly attached to the alveolar bone and to the cervical area of the tooth by. Framing the teeth, within the confines of the gingival architecture, has a tremendous impact on the aesthetics of the smile. Other secondary factors on gingival recession are broadly categorized as i. The plaqueinduced diseases may be associated with endocrine changes, medications, systemic. Abstract gingival recession is the term that designates the oral exposure of the root surface due to a displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cementenamel junction. Radiographically, the lamina dura is a a 60year old patient requests the replacement of tooth 4. Diagnosis of periodontal disease, a frequent disorder in dogs, rests mainly upon the assessment of changes affecting the gingiva. Periodontal chart department of periodontology school. The tissues found in the periodontium combine together to form an active group of tissues.
It is a feature of healthy gingiva, and reduction or loss ot stippling is a common sign of gingival disease. It is the most common and undesirable condition of the gingiva. Gingival inflammation pocket formation plaque accumulation let undisturbed gingivitis untreated periodontitis inflammation of tissues around the teeth. Stippling used to be thought to indicate health, but it has since been shown that smooth gingiva is not an indication of disease, unless it is smooth due to a loss of previously existing stippling. Click here to read about the new version without adobe flash. The term gingival biotype1417 has been used to describe the thickness of the gingiva in the faciopalatal dimension and it is a genetically determined trait. The american academy of periodontology classifies gingival disease as a major group of periodontal diseases and distinguishes two main subgroups, those gingival diseases induced by dental plaque and those attributed to other causes. A gingivectomy was performed to elevate the level of the free gingival margin developing a more proportion ate form for the teeth, as well as removing an excessive display of gingiva below the inferior border of the upper lip. Our gingiva is constantly confronted with bacteria and sometimes shows inflammation tendency in spite of good care. Use astringent syringe applicator to control the bleeding. Introduction gingival recession is a widespread clinical manifestation affecting single or multiple root surfaces at all teeth types. Abstract objective clinical gingival inflammation is a well. Instruction manual for the periodontal screening pro.
Goal of periodontal therapy eliminate or reduce the bacterial plaque to a level below disease threshold. Gingival tissues histology ch 10 flashcards quizlet. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of gingival stippling in dogs, its location on alveolar processes, its. Stippling is a consequence of the microscopic elevations and depressions of the surface of the gingival tissue due to the connective tissue.
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis pubmed central pmc. Gingival zenith positions and levels of the maxillary. This is determined by placing a periodontal probe into the sulcus. Gingival margin is 1 to 2 mm above cej marginal gingivae is knife edge, flat and fall is a current line around the tooth and fits snugly around the tooth. Pdf an attractive and pleasing smile can be achieved with the proper positioning. Double cord retraction technique is preferred in cases with deep gingival sulcus. Healthy gingiva is pale pink, shows a smooth gingival stippling, does not bleed and is tightly attached to the teeth. A critical factor in smile design april 1, 2003 by ron goodlin, dds, fagd. Key words black triangle, gingival recession, gingival prosthesis. Gingival definition of gingival by the free dictionary. Causes of gingival enlargement can be due to plaque accumulation, due to poor oral hygiene, inadequate nutrition, or systemic hormonal. A gummy smile is as unaesthetic as a patient with severe recession. The relation of gingival stippling to the microstructure of epithelium and underlying connective tissue was to be assessed. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Zones of gingiva gingiva can be divided into several zones as shown in figure 75. As stated in the recently released surgeon generals report, oral health in america, using the oral cavity for diagnosis of systemic disease is becoming an established practice. The normal gingiva of the child patient is diagnosed on. Further studies are needed to clarify whether stippling is also a constant feature in the. In gingival recession cases, the first mechanism responsible for causing apical gingival migration is loss of bone support offered by the alveolar bone crest fig 1. It pays to assess the location of the mucogingival junction prior to implant therapy in order to plan surgical approach from the decision to flap or not ive seen many who are so enamoured by the flapless technique that they.
The three unit fixed bridge replacing the mandibular first molar should be fabricated a tilted molar can be used as a fixed partial denture abutment if 1. A combined periodontal prosthetic treatment approach to. Lots of stippling, shiny, fibrotic with stippling, nodular, hyperkeratotic. Surgical management using free grafts and guided tissue regeneration m. Proper assessment and diagnosis of oral conditions can alert the clinician to a potential systemic disease. Additional instructions and trouble shooting are included with the game. Edematous gingiva a thorough examination of the gingiva includes evaluation of color, size, shape form or contour, consistency, surface texture, position of the gingival margin and junctional epithelium, mucogingival junctions, bleeding and exudate. Gingival recession pathophysiology can be divided into the following. Veterinary dentistry is unlike other fields of veterinary medicine in that the majority of pathology may not be able to be diagnosed, or even evaluated properly, until. Field 191 the methods to determine the free level of the gingival margin 4. Stippling is form of adaptive specie dilution or reinforcement for function.
Although the gingival index and sulcus bleeding index have been widely used as. Pdf management of black triangles and gingival recession. Characteristics of normal gingiva are listed later in table 71 along with the traits of diseased gingiva. Gingival grafts, thinner than 1 mm, showed a greater average height at the end of. The normal gingiva of the child patient is diagnosed on the basis of 1. Which of the following isare clinical signs of gingivitis. Gingival enlargements are quite common and may be either inflammatory, noninflammatory, or a combination of both. The third important consideration in gingival margin placement is the patients periodontal biotype, or whether the gingival tissue is thick or thin. Gingiva in the anterior sextant showed reduced stippling, rolled out crest with flat. It may develop as an isolated disorder but can feature along with a syndrome.
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